寒冷地區超低能耗住宅適用熱泵特征
Characteristics of heat pump suitable for ultra-low energy residences in cold zone
摘要：
超低能耗住宅具有高保溫性與氣密性，能顯著降低空調供熱能耗，是實現建筑節能的重要技術途徑。采用被動式技術的超低能耗住宅與普通住宅的負荷特征不同，因此，按照傳統方法設計和選型的熱泵裝置無法與超低能耗住宅的負荷匹配，成為超低能耗住宅的能源漏洞，發展適用于超低能耗住宅的熱泵系統至關重要。以寒冷地區的典型城市北京為例，在模擬分析超低能耗住宅冷熱負荷特征的基礎上，分析與之相適應的熱泵系統的特征。研究發現：超低能耗住宅的冷負荷是建筑負荷的主要部分，相比普通住宅，超低能耗住宅更易采用統一熱泵設備滿足全年供熱與制冷的需求，且熱泵的換熱器宜按照制冷工況設計。
Abstract：
With high thermal insulation and air tightness, the ultra-low energy residence can significantly reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling, which is an important technical routine to realize building energy conservation. The passive technology makes the load characteristics of ultra-low energy residence are different from that of the common house. Therefore, the traditionally designed and sized heat pump cannot make the energy consumption of the active system to be minimized, which is the leak point of energy in ultra-low energy residences. It is very important to develop the heat pump suitable for ultra-low energy residences. Taking Beijing, a typical city in cold zone in China, for example, this paper analyses the characteristics of the heat pump system based on the simulation result of the building load of the ultra-low energy residence. The results indicate that the cooling load of ultra-low energy residence is the main part of the building load. Compared with the conventional residence, the ultra-low energy residence is more likely to use unified heat pump to meet year-round heating and cooling demands. Moreover, the heat exchangers of heat pump should be designed according to the refrigeration condition.
Keywords:ultralowenergyresidence;passivehouse;nearlyzeroenergybuilding;allinoneoutdoorairheatpump;heatrecovery;efficientventilation;coldzone