機械加工車間油霧顆粒濃度分布實測研究
Field measurement of oil mist particle concentration distribution in machining workshops
摘要：
為評估機械加工車間油霧顆粒濃度的暴露水平，選取了3種不同工藝（干加工、濕加工、濕加工伴隨熱處理）的汽車組件廠房進行現場實測，研究生產工藝產生的油霧顆粒的濃度分布特性。結果表明：3個車間作業區域總懸浮顆粒物質量濃度分別為0.558、0.799、0.739 mg/m3；3個車間顆粒物平均粒徑分別為6.4、5.9、5.8 μm；機床單軸油霧質量散發量為283.47～335.26 mg/(軸·h)，單位面積油霧散發量為4.90～5.29 mg/(m2·h)；全面通風結合同機床相連的局部排風的效果好于單獨的機床上方2 m處設置局部排風的方式；濕加工和熱處理的顆粒粒徑比干加工的顆粒粒徑小。
Abstract：
In order to evaluate the exposure level of oil mist particle concentration in the machining workshop, the article selects three different processes (dry processing, wet processing, wet processing with heat treatment) of the automotive component workshops for on-site measurements, and studies the concentration distribution characteristics of oil mist particles produced by the production process. The results show that the concentration of total suspended particulate matter in the three workshop operation areas is 0.558, 0.799, 0.739 mg/m3, respectively. The average particle size of the particulate matter in three workshops is about 6.4, 5.9, 5.8 μm, respectively. The mass emission rate of the machine bed shaft is 283.47 to 335.26 mg/(axis·h), and the emission rate per unit area is 4.90 to 5.29 mg/(m2·h). The combined effect of comprehensive ventilation and local exhaust connected to the machine tool is better than the local exhaust mode set 2 m above the separate machine tool. The particle size of oil mist in wet processing and heat treatment is smaller than that in dry processing.
Keywords:workshop;machiningproductiontechnology;oilmistparticle;concentration;emissionrate;particlesizedistribution;comprehensiveventilation;localexhaust